ENG 011 – Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjectives (Sıfatlar) : isimleri ve zamirleri niteliyebilir.
  • That is a cute puppy.
  • That puppy looks cute.
  • She likes a high school senior.
  • The technology is state-of-the-art.
• Adverbs (Zarflar) : fiilleri, sıfatları ve diğer zarfları niteliyebilir.
  • He speaks slowly (tells how)
  • He speaks very slowly (the adverb very tells how slowly)
  • They arrived today (tells when)
  • They will arrive in an hour (this adverb phrase tells when)

https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/adjAdv.asp

Adjectives

Adjectives (Sıfatlar) : isimleri ve zamirleri niteliyebilir.

Demonstrative Adjectives

İşaret Sıfatları:
this, that, these, those

Possessive Adjectives

Aitlik sıfatları:
My, your, his, her, its, our their

-ed and -ing adjectives

Fiillere -ed ve -ing eklenerek sıfatlaşabilir. -ed, duygu ve düşünceleri belirtmek için, -ing durumları tarif etmek için kullanılır.

• annoy: sinirlenmek
• annoying: sinir bozucu
• annoyed: sinirlenmiş

• bore: sıkılmak
• boring: sıkıcı
• bored: sıkılmış

Adjective Suffixes

Kelimenin sonuna eklenerek sıfat yapan ekler:

Adjective Prefixes

Kelimenin başına eklenerek sıfat yapan ekler:

• un
  • fair – unfair
• in
  • active – inactive
• ir
  • responsible – irresponsible
• im
  • possible – impossible
• il
  • legal – illegal
• dis
  • honest – dishonest

Order of Adjectives

Birden fazla sıfat kullanıyorsak sıralama genelden özele doğru olur:

1. Quantity or number
2. Quality or opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
8. Purpose or qualifier

1. I love that really big old green antique car that always parked at the end of the street.
2. My sister adopted a beautiful big white bulldog.
3. I love that beautiful old big green antique car that always parked at the end of the street. [quality – age – size – color – proper adjective]
4. My sister has a big beautiful tan and white bulldog. [size – quality – color – color]
5. A wonderful old Italian clock. [opinion – age – origin]
6. A big square blue box. [dimension – shape – color]
7. A disgusting pink plastic ornament. [opinion – color – material]
8. Some slim new French trousers. [dimension – age – origin]
9. An amazing new American movie. [opinion – age – origin]
10. I bought a pair of black leather shoes. [color – material]

https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/order-of-adjectives

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Karşılaştırma ve üstünlük sıfatları. Bir nesnenin diğer nesnelerle karşılaştırılması.

	Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
Tek heceli kelimeler	fast young	faster (than) younger (than)	the fastest the youngest
Tek heceli sonu -e ile biten	nice strange	nicer (than) stranger (than)	the nicest the strangest
Tek heceli ünsüz-ünlü-ünsüz	big hot	bigger (than) hotter (than)	the biggest the hottest
2 heceli -y ile bitenler	happy crazy	happier (than) crazier (than)	the happiest the craziest
2 veya daha çok hecelilerde	famous beautiful	more famous (than) more beautiful (than)	the most famous the most beautiful

Adverbs

Categories of Adverbs

1. Adverbs of manner: Bir şeyin nasıl gerçekleştiğini/yapıldığını anlatır.
   • Gently, Safely, Warmly, Carefully, Hard, Straight, Fast, Wildly
2. Adverbs of frequency: Bir şeyin ne sıklıkla yapıldığını anlatır.
   • Always, Usually, Normally, Often, Sometimes
3. Adverbs of time:
   • Yet, Yesterday, Weekly, Tonight, Today, Then
4. Adverbs of place:
   • Above, Behind, Below, On, Down, Up, Far
5. Adverbs of Degree:
   • Extremely, Almost, Quite, Enough, Well, Utterly
6. Adverbs of Evaluation:
   • Apparently, Clearly, Presumably, Probably, Frankly, Unfortunately
7. Conjunctive adverbs:
   • Therefore, Thus, Accordingly, Indeed, Finally, However

https://7esl.com/list-of-adverbs

Forming adverbs

Sıfatların zarf olma durumu

• Adjective + ly:
  • cold – coldly
  • happy – happily
  • shy – shyly
• Adjectives ending in – ly
  • He is a friendly person.
  • He acted in a friendly way / manner
  • She has a lovely voice
  • She spoke to me in a lovely voice

Irregular Adverbs

• good – well
• fast – fast
• hard – hard
• …

as / so / such / like

as … as

İki insanın veya nesnenin eşitliğini belirtmek için kullanabiliriz.

• Anna is as tall as her mother (Anna, annesi kadar uzun)

so & such

as & like